Preheat your oven to 375°F. Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil for the broccoli.
Drop the florets into the boiling water for exactly 90 seconds. Drain and immediately run cold water over them to stop the cooking. Set aside.
In a medium saucepan over medium heat, melt the butter. Whisk in the flour and cook for 1-2 minutes, stirring constantly, until it smells toasty and looks like wet sand.
Slowly pour in the milk and chicken stock while whisking constantly to prevent lumps. Bring to a gentle simmer. It will thicken in about 3-4 minutes.
Remove the pot from the heat. Stir in the shredded cheddar, smoked paprika, garlic powder, cayenne (if using), salt, and pepper. Stir until the cheese is completely melted and the sauce is smooth.
In a large bowl, gently mix the cooked rice, shredded chicken, blanched broccoli, and the cheese sauce. Transfer to your baking dish.
Sprinkle the buttered panko breadcrumbs evenly over the top. Bake for 20-25 minutes, until the casserole is bubbly around the edges and the topping is golden brown.
Let it sit for 5 minutes before scooping. It sets up beautifully and won't be soupy.